2025-10-07T14:30:00Z

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For over three decades, cosmologists have been convinced that about 95% of our universe is composed of two shadowy forces: dark matter and dark energy. Dark matter, which mysteriously pulls on everything without shining a light, and dark energy, the invisible force seemingly accelerating the very expansion of the cosmos, have been crucial to our understanding of the universe.

But now, physicist Rajendra Gupta is turning the entire field on its head with a groundbreaking idea. What if these cosmic riddles aren’t caused by unknown particles, but rather from something much more straightforward? Gupta's latest research suggests that the universe's fundamental forces are gradually weakening over time, which could explain the phenomena typically attributed to dark matter and dark energy.

A Unified Theory for Cosmic Mysteries

One of the most compelling aspects of Gupta’s model is its ability to create a bridge between two major astronomical puzzles. On a grand scale, where the universe appears remarkably uniform across hundreds of millions of light-years, dark energy has traditionally been invoked to justify its accelerating expansion. In contrast, on smaller scales, like galaxies and clusters, dark matter has been called upon to account for the extra gravitational forces required to maintain these structures.

Gupta's theory, as reported by LBV Magazine, proposes that both phenomena can instead be described by a single equation that incorporates a variable parameter known as α. This parameter embodies the changing strength of the universe's fundamental forces. Gupta asserts, “Ours is the only one that explains them with the same equation, and without the need for dark matter or dark energy.” In simpler terms, his model suggests that the cosmic dance of gravity can be recalibrated based on the scale of observation, allowing for variations within galaxies while keeping a constant view of the universe at large.

Galaxy Rotation: A New Perspective

One of the most baffling aspects of astrophysics has been how galaxies rotate. Observations reveal that stars on the outskirts of galaxies spin much faster than we’d expect based solely on visible mass. For years, scientists have explained this discrepancy by theorizing massive halos of dark matter lurking around galaxies.

Gupta's model challenges that long-held belief. He proposes that variations in α, influenced by the uneven distribution of ordinary matter, create additional gravitational effects that mimic dark matter's presence, all without requiring unseen mass. Where matter is densest, the impact is minimal, yet in sparser regions, gravity packs a punch, accurately reflecting the flat rotation curves we observe in many galaxies.

A New Cosmic Timeline

Another intriguing consequence of Gupta's theory lies in its implications for the timeline of the universe. Recent findings have shown galaxies and supermassive black holes forming earlier in cosmic history than current theories can adequately explain. This discrepancy has fueled speculation about new types of matter or unknown processes.

By factoring in the gradual weakening of forces as a component of cosmic evolution, Gupta’s framework suggests an extended timeline for the universe, providing ample time for the formation of large structures. As Gupta notes, “there is no need to assume any exotic particle or break the laws of physics.” This alternative chronology aligns much better with the rapid emergence of galaxies in the early universe, eliminating the necessity for dark energy or dark matter.

While Gupta's proposal is still in its infancy, it calls for a reevaluation of the bedrock assumptions of contemporary cosmology. His research hints that the elusive forces scientists have chased for decades might just be figments of our imagination, shaped by the evolving constants of nature. As Gupta poignantly states, “perhaps the universe’s greatest secrets are just tricks played by nature’s evolving constants.”